Profile - PROF. MESHACK AMOS OBONYO

PROF. MESHACK AMOS OBONYO

OffLine

Staff Information

PERSONAL DETAILS

Designation: ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
Corporate Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Personal Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Job Category: Teaching
Division / Faculty: Faculty of Science
Directorate / Dept: DEPT. OF BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIO

SUMMARY

: Prof Obonyo is an Associate Professor of Biochemistry, In the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology since 2013. He holds a PhD in the area of Tritrophic Intereactions between plants and insects and their parasites. Dr Obonyo is the porject leader of the Mycotoxin Research Laboratory that has been funded by various funding bodies and has built capacity of several graduate and undergraduate students.

ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS

Sept 2005–Sept 2009: North West University (Potchefstroom campus), South Africa.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy.
Title of thesis: Basis of Host Recognition by the Larval Endoparasitoids: Cotesia sesamiae Cameron and Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).

April 2003-July 2005: Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (J.K.U.A.T).
Degree: Master of Science Biochemistry & Molecular Biology.
Title of thesis: Performance of the braconid parasitoid Cotesia flavipes Cameron on stemborers found in cultivated and wild plants.

April 1999- Dec 2002: Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology.
Degree: Bachelor of Science Biochemistry and Chemistry.
Second Class Honors - Upper Division.

FIELDS OF SPECIALIZATION

: Tritrophic Interactions : Plant Insect Interactions, Microbial Biochemistry. Mycotoxicology.

WORK EXPERIENCE

August 2021- Currently Egerton University Njoro Campus.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Position: Associate Professor.

2013 – August 2021 Currently Egerton University Njoro Campus.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Position: Senior Lecturer.

May 2017-May 2020 Egerton University Njoro Campus.
Directorate of Quality Assurance.
Position: Deputy Director.
Oct 2009-2013 Egerton University Njoro Campus.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
Position: Lecturer.

May 2012- May 2017 Egerton University Njoro Campus.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
Position: Administrative Head of Department.

May 2008 – Sept 2009 Ministry of Higher Education Science and Technology.
Directorate of Research Management and Development.
Position: Principal Research Officer.

July 2005 – Sept 2005: International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology- Plant Health Division.
Position: Technician- Biological Control of Cereal Stem borer project.

KEY PROJECTS

Project Theme: Tools andTechnologies for Improving Sorghum Productity
Funding Body: World Bank: Kenya Cimate Smart Agriculture Program. (Ksh, 21,000,000)
Project Dates: July 2020 – June 2022
My role: Co-Principal Investigator

Project Theme: Management of mycotoxins in cereal crops
Funding Body: Alliance for African Partnership (AAP- Travel Grant) (USD, 11,000)
Project Dates: July 2018 – August 2018
My role: Co-Principal Investigator

Project Theme: Mitigating risks of mycotoxins in the food and feed chain
Funding Body: National Research Fund Kenya (KSh, 18,000,000)
Project Dates: December 2018-November 2021
My role: Principal Investigator

Project Theme: Management of mycotoxins in cereal crops
Funding Body: Grand Challenges Canada (Canadian Government) (CAD $, 112,000)
Project Dates: November 2014-November 2016
My role: Principal Investigator

Project Theme: Bioprospecting for indigenous medicinal plants targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Funding Body: International Foundation of Science IFS (US$, 12, 000).
Project Dates: June 2013- May 2014.
My role: Mentor.

Project Theme: Combating aflatoxin contamination in maize cropping systems.
Funding Body: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (US$, 100, 000).
Project Dates: May 2012- October 2013.
My role: Principal Investigator.

Project Theme: Incidence of climatic changes on agricultural systems in Kenya.
Funding Body: “New IRD partner team" (Jeune équipe associée à l'IRD - JEAI) (Euro 60,000).
Project Dates: Jan 2012-2015.
My role: Collaborator. Project Theme: Characterization of granuloviruses infecting Helicoverpa armigera in kenya.
Funding Body: Egerton University (US$ 5,000).
Project dates: 2011.
My role: Principal Investigator. Project Theme: Bioprospecting for novel Ethno-botanical medicines
Funding Bodies: NOVUS International- United States International University (KSh: 2,500,000).
Project Dates: 2010-2011.
My Role: Collaborator.

RESEARCH INTERESTS

: Plant Stress, Toxicology, Insect Interactions, Climate Adaptation.

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

Intellectual Property
Patent 2020:
Title: Process of Blocking Transmission of Plasmodium Gametocytogenesis using Juliprosopine from Prosopis juliflora
Authors: Jackson Mbithi Muema, Joel Ltilitan Bargul, James Mutuku Mutunga, Ramadhan Suleiman Mwakubambanya, Meshack Amos Obonyo. ( Kenya Industrial Property Insitute www.kipi.org).

Peer Reviewed Scientific Publications (2008-2020):

2020

Lucy J. Kiptui , Faith J. Toroitich, Dora C. Kilalo, and Meshack Obonyo. Interaction between Cowpea Aphid-Borne Mosaic Virus Isolates and Its Effect on Passion Fruit Woodiness Disease on Passiflora edulis Sims and Passiflora ligularis Juss. Advances in Agriculture (2020,) https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8876498

Mukandungutse B Isabelle, James K Tuitoek, Anthony M King’ori, and Meshack A Obonyo. The Effect of Fermented Aflatoxins Contaminated Feed on Digestibility and Performance of Broiler Chickens, No 32a/E/KPT/2017. ISSN 1411-2027. Animal Production. 22(1):37-42, 2020.

Anti-bacterial activity of secondary metabolites from Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium
Caroline J. Kosgei, Josphat C. Matasyoh, Meshack Obonyo, Festus Tolo, Peter Mwitari, Beatrice Irungu, Lucia Keter and Richard Korir. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research., ISSN: 1996-0875. Accepted, 24 Februrary, 2020.

Development of an ELISA-based method for testing aflatoxigenicity and aflatoxigenic variability among Aspergillus species in culture. Micah Kipkemboi Lagat , Faith Jebet Toroitich, Meshack Amos Obonyo.Scientific African 7 (2020).

2019

The effect of fermentation with and without Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the levels of aflatoxin in maize. Mukandungutse B I, J K Tuitoek, A M King’ori and M A Obonyo. Livestock Research for Rural Development 31 (11) 2019.

Modulation of Aflatoxin Production by Interaction of Aspergillus Species from Eastern Kenya. Micah Kipkemboi Lagat , Faith Jebet Toroitich*, Meshack Amos Obonyo, Huxley Mae Makonde. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT).

Inﬂuence of task-based airborne lead exposures on blood 3 lead levels: a case study of informal automobile repair 4 artisans in Nakuru town, Kenya. Odongo Alfred Owino . W. N. Moturi . Meshack Obonyo. Environ Geochem Health https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00464-7(0123456789().,-volV)( 0123458697().,-vol Accepted: 29 October 2019.

Health Effects of Occupational Lead Exposures among Informal Automobile Repair Artisans: A Case Study of Nakuru Town, Kenya. Owino, A, Wilkister Nyaora, Obonyo, MA. International Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 4(2): 079-088

Risk of high blood lead levels among informal sector automobile artisans: a case study of Nakuru town, Kenya. Owino, A, Wilkister Nyaora, Obonyo, MA. International Journal of Environment and Health, Vol. 9, No. 3, 2019

Prevalence of aflatoxins contamination in commercial broiler feeds in Kenya.
F N Thuita, J K Tuitoek, A M King’ori and M A Obonyo. Livestock Research for Rural Development, Volume 31, Number 1, January 2019 ISSN 0121-3784

2018

Perennial and seasonal contamination of maize by aflatoxins in eastern Kenya. Meshack Amos Obonyo and Elsie Nyangweso Salano. International Journal of Food Contamination (2018) 5:6 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40550-018-0069-y Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus Induces Changes in Host Plant Volatiles that Attract Vector Thrips Species. Nelson L. Mwando, Amanuel Tamiru, Johnson O. Nyasani, Meshack A. Obonyo, John C. Caulfield, Toby J. A. Bruce, Sevgan Subramanian. Journal of Chemical Ecology (2018) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-018-0973-x Preliminary screening of aqueous extract of Piper guineense against aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus and A. parvisclerotigenus. Ezekiel, C.N., Sulyok, M., Anokwuru, C.P., Amos-Tautua, B.M.W., Oni, O.E., Anyasor, G.N., Obonyo, M.A. and Krska, R. acta SATECH 10 (1):20-36(2018).

Isolation, identification and bioactivity of fungal endophytes from selected Kenyan medicinal plants. Velma Wekesa Nasimiyu, Isabel Nyokabi Wagara, Meshack Amos Obonyo and
Josphat Clement Matasyoh. (Vol. 12(17), pp. 405-412, 7 May, 2018). DOI: 10.5897/AJMR2017.8544. Impact of companion cropping on incidence and severity of maize ear rots and mycotoxins in Western Kenya. Maxwell J. Owuor, Charles A. O. Midega, Meshack Obonyo and Zeyaur R. Khan. African Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 13(41), pp. 2224-2231, DOI: 10.5897/AJAR2018.13396.

2017 First genetic identification of Pilobolus (Mucoromycotina Mucorales) from Africa (Nairobi National Park, Kenya) A.M. Aluoch, M.Y. Otiende, M.A. Obonyo, P.G. Mungai, D.O. Okun, S. Angelone-Alasaad, M.J. Jowers South African Journal of Botany 111 (2017) 182–188. Distribution of Aspergillus and Fusarium ear rot causative fungi in soils under push-pull and maize monocropping system in Western Kenya. Maxwell J. Owuor, Charles A. O. Midega, Meshack A. Obonyo and Zeyaur R. Khan. Vol. 11(37), pp. 1411-1421, 7 October, 2017. DOI: 10.5897/AJMR2017.8685. 2016
Biochemical relationships involving multiple virus infections, dry matter and selected nutritional attributes in orange fleshed sweetpotato. S.M. Kiarie, L.S. Karanja, M. Obonyo and F.N. Wachira. Acta Hortic. 1118. ISHS (2016). DOI 10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1118.20. Application of SSR Markers in Determination of Putative Resistance to SPVD and Genetic Diversity among Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato. S. M. Kiarie1, L. S. Karanja, M. A. Obonyo, and F. N. Wachira. Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology. 9(2): 1-10, 2016; Diversity of putatively toxigenic Aspergillus species in maize and soil samples in an aflatoxicosis hotspot in Eastern Kenya. Elsie Nyangweso Salano, Meshack Amos Obonyo, Faith Jebet Toroitich, Benard Omondi Odhiambo and Bonaventure Omondi Aman. African Journal of Microbiology Research. (Vol. 10(6), pp. 172-184, 14 February, 2016). DOI: 10.5897/AJMR2015.7645. Grazing intensity contributes to cyanogenic toxicity in Savannah grasses in Baringo County. Alfayo, K, Maranga E. K, Obonyo M. International Journal of Biological Research, 4 (2) (2016) 91-96 Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Feed Ingredients Used For Feeding Indigenous Chicken in Baringo and Kisumu Counties, Kenya. Atela J. A. ,Tuitoek J. and Onjoro P. A., Obonyo M, Judith C. K (IOSR-JAVS).Volume 9, Issue 1 Ver. I (Jan. 2016), PP 40-44. The Prickly Pear Cactus (Opuntia Fiscus-Indica) Cladode Extracts Modulate Blood Sugar in Swiss White Albino Mice Peris Moraa Mokua, Oscar Mayunzu, Meshack Obonyo, John Thuita, James Mutuku, Jane Rutto, Grace Murilla. International Journal of Diabetes Research 2016, 5(3): 41-47 DOI: 10.5923/j.diabetes.20160503.01. Potency of extracts of selected plant species from Mbeere, Embu County-Kenya against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sospeter Ngoci Njeru and Meshack Amos Obonyo. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 10(12), pp. 149-157, 25 March, 2016. DOI: 10.5897/JMPR2016.6044. Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity properties of the organic solvent fractions of Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) R. Br. ex Vatke: Kenyan traditional medicinal plant Sospeter Ngoci Njeru, Meshack Obonyo, Samwel Nyambati, Silas Ngari, Ramadhan Mwakubambanya, Hawa Mavura Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology. (April 16, 2016) DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160416122003 2015
Bioactivity of Cissampelos pareira medicinal plant against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sospeter Ngoci Njeru, Meshack A. Obonyo, Samwel O. Nyambati, Silas M. Ngari. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2015; 3(6): 167-173. Antischistosomal Effects of Selected Methanolic Plant Extracts in Swiss Albino Mice Infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Jackson M. Muema, Meshack A. Obonyo, Sospeter N. Njeru and Joseph K. Mwatha. European Journal of Medicinal Plants 9(1): 1-11, 2015, ISSN: 2231-0894. Morphological Diversity of Ascobolus and Pilobolus Fungi from Wild Herbivore Dung in Nairobi National Park, Kenya. Aluoch AM, Obonyo MA, Okun DO, Akinyi A, Otiende YM, Mungai PG. (2015). Journal of Microbiology Research 2015, 5(4): 134-141 DOI: 10.5923/j.microbiology.20150504.03.

Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity properties of the crude extracts and fractions of Premna resinosa (Hochst) Schauer (Compositae): Kenyan traditional medicinal plant. Sospeter Ngoci Njeru*, Meshack Amos Obonyo, Samwel Onsarigo Nyambati and Silas Mwaniki Ngari. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 15:295. 25 August (2015). DOI 10.1186/s12906-015-0811-4. Antituberculous, antimicrobial, cytotoxicity and phytochemical activity study of Piliostigma thonningii extract fractions. Sospeter Ngoci Njeru, Meshack Amos Obonyo, Silas Mwaniki Ngari, Samwel Nyambati Onsarigo, John Mwaniki Njeru and Paul Kuria Kamweru. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. Vol. 9(22), pp. 655-663, 10 June, 2015. DOI: 10.5897/JMPR2015.5822. 2014
Evolution and Structural Analyses of Glossina morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae) Tetraspanins. Edwin Murungi, Henry Kariithi, Vincent Adunga, Meshack Obonyo and Alan Christoffels. Insects 2014, 5, 885-908; doi:10.3390/insects5040885. Larvicidal activity of selected Aloe species against the Yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti). Judith K Chore, Meshack Obonyo, Francis Wachira, Paul Mireji (International Journal of Insect Science), 14(202): 2014; doi: 10.1093/jisesa/ieu064 Dec 2014). Susceptibility of the geographically isolated populations of the tomato red spider mite (Tetranuchus Evansi Baker & Pritchard) to commonly used acaricides on tomato crops in Kenya. Toroitich F.J, Knapp M, Nderitu J.H, Olubayo F. M, Obonyo M. (Journal of Entomological & Acarological Research) 46: 1469 January 2014. doi:10.4081/jear.2014.1469.

2013
Genetic diversity in Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) cultivars: Implication on breeding and conservation. Bramwel wanjala, Meshack Obonyo , Francis Wachira , Alice Muchugi , Margaret Mulaa , Jagger Harvey , Robert Skilton , Janice Proud , Jean Hanson (AoB PLANTS, 27-03-2013). 2011
Sensilla on antennae, ovipositor and tarsi of the larval braconid parasitoids, Cotesia sesamiae and Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): a comparative scanning electron microscopy study. Meshack Obonyo , Fritz Schulthess, Mathayo Chimtawi, Gérard Mascarel, Peter O. Ahuya, Bruno Le Ru , Johnnie van den Berg, Jean-François Silvain, Paul-André Calatayud. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, (2011), 47 (1– 2) : 119-127.

2010
Importance of contact chemical cues in host recognition and acceptance by the braconid larval endoparasitoids Cotesia sesamiae and Cotesia flavipes Meshack Obonyo, Fritz Schulthess , Bruno Le Ru , Johnnie van den Berg , Jean-François Silvain ,Paul-André Calatayud. Biological Control 54 (2010) 270–275. Host recognition and acceptance behaviour in Cotesia sesamiae and Cotesia flavipes, parasitoids of gramineous stemborers in Africa Meshack Obonyo, Fritz Schulthess, Bruno Le Ru, Johnnie van den berg and Paul-André Calatayud. European Journal of Entomology 107: (2010) 169–176.

2008 Location, acceptance and suitability of lepidopteran stem borers feeding on Sorghum bicolor Moench and Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. to the endoparasitoid Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Meshack Obonyo, Fritz Schulthess, Juma Gerald, Bernard Wanyama, Bruno Le Rü, Paul-André Calatayud. Biological Control 45 (2008) 36–47.

CONFERENCES & INVITED PRESENTATIONS

Kenya National Qualifications Authority: Validation Workshop for Recognition of Prior Learning in Higher Education Institutions (11th November 2020).
Kenya National Qualifications Authority: National Credit Accumulation and Transfer Workshop (13^th July 2020)
One Health DAAD- Alumni Workshop, Pwani University Kilifi, 17-19^th December 2019.
12^th Egerton University International Conference, 27^th-29^th March 2018.
11^th Egerton University International Conference, 29^th-31^st March 2017.
21^st Conference of African Association of Insect Scientist. 19^th -21^st October 2015. Cotonou, Benin
First African Sy0mposium on Mycotoxicology Livingstone Zambia ( May 2015)
International Society of Mycotoxicology Training Course: Detection Techniques for Mycotoxins in the food/feed chain. October 6-10, 2014. Bari Italy

HONORS, PRIZE AND AWARDS

: • Best Conference Paper (1st Position): 11th International Conference, Egerton University 2017.
• Student Paper Award (2nd Runner up) African Regional Postgraduate Program in Insect Science 2009.
• German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) (PhD Fellowship icipe- North West University) 2005.

TEACHING AREAS

: Plant Biochemistry, Pharmacognosy , Carbohydrate Biochemistry, Metabolism of Carbohydrates,Environmental Toxicology

POSTGRADUATE SUPERVISION

MASTERS LEVEL :

Doctoral Student – (Graduated).

Student Name: Odongo Alfred Owino
University and Registration: Egerton University (ND15 /14629/15)
Study Title: Assessment of Occupational Exposure To Lead And Associated Health Risks Among The Informal Sector Automobile Artisans In Nakuru Town, Kenya (Graduated- Novemberr, 2019 Egerton University).

Doctoral Students – (On-going). Student Name: Caroline Jepchirchir Kosgei
University and Registration: Egerton University (SD14/14615/15)
Study Title: Determination of anti-bacterial and anti-Herpes Simplex Virus activity of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium secondary metabolites and their nanoparticles. Student Name: Zipporah Chelagat Maiyo
University and Registration: Egerton University (SD14/14637/15)
Study Title: Evaluation Of Medicinal Plants From Mosop - In Nandi County For Anti-aspergillus Activity. Student Name: Nyangweso N. Elsie Salano
University and Registration: Egerton University (KD125/13059/17)
Study Title: Evaluation of Aspergillus Flavus Resistance and Nutritional Content In Selected Peanut Germplasm For The Amelioration Of Aflatoxin Toxicity In Kenya. Student Name: Muema Jackson Mbithi
University and Registration: Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (HSB411-2550/2017) Study Title: Discovery and Mechanistic Characterization of Novel Plant-Derived Malaria Transmission-Blocking Agents. Master of Science Students (Graduated)

Student Details: Isabelle Beatrice Mukandungutse (Reg No: KM113/12089/17).
Study Title: Detoxification Of Aflatoxins In Feed Ingredients For Broiler Chicken Feed Through Fermentation. (Graduated- June 2020, Egerton University).

Student Details: Lagat Micah Kipkemboi (Reg No: SM14/3292/15).
Study Title: Diversity and Aflatoxins and Toxigenic Fungi in Maize andsoil from the Eastern Region of Kenya. (Graduated- November 2019, Egerton University).

Student Details: Thuita Njoki Frida (Reg No: KM113/14462/15).
Study Title: The Effects of Aflatoxin Contaminated Feed with or Without a Commercial Binder on Broiler Performance. (Graduated- June 2019 Egerton University).

Student Details: Mwaura Kiarie (Reg No: SM14/3399/12).
Study Title: Assessment of Responses To Virus Infections, Beta-Carotene, Zinc And Iron In Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas, Lam). (Graduated- Dec 2018 Egerton University).

Student Details: Litunya Nelson Mwando (Reg No: SM14/3399/12).
Study Title: Biochemical alterations in maize plants induced by viruses causing Maize Lethal Necrosis and their relevance for insect vectors. (Graduated- June 2018 Egerton University). Student Details: Maxwell Juti Owuor (Reg No: SM14/3074/11).
Study Title: Impact of Push-Pull Technology on Incidence and Severity of Maize Ear Rots and Mycotoxins in Western Kenya. (Graduated- June 2018 Egerton University).

Student Details: Velma Nasimiyu Wekesa (Reg No: SM14/3667/13).
Study Title: Characterization And Antimicrobial Activity Of Fungal Endophytes From Selected Kenyan Medicinal Plants (Graduated- June 2017 Egerton University). Student Details: Alfayo Koskei (Reg No: NM 11/3665/13).
Study Title: Influence of Grazing Intensity on Cyanogenic Toxicity in Baringo Savanna Grasses, Kenya (Graduated- June 2016 Egerton University).

Student Details: Mokua Moraa Peris (Reg No: SM14/3374/12).
Study Title: Assessment of Antidiabetic Properties of the Prickly Pear Cactus In Swiss White Mice. (Graduated- December 2016 Egerton University). Student Details: Miyunga Antoinette Aluoch (Reg No: SM14/3263/12).
Study Title: Morphological And Molecular Characterization Of Ascobolus And Pilobolus Fungi In Wild Herbivore Dung In Nairobi National Park. (Graduated- December 2015 Egerton University). Student Details: Salano Elsie N. Nyangueso (Reg No: SM14/3292/12).
Study Title: Characterization of Aflatoxins and Toxigenic Fungi in Maize andsoil from the Eastern Region of Kenya. (Graduated- December 2015 Egerton University). Student Details: Gachuhi Samuel Gutu (Reg No: SM17/2841/2010).
Study Title: Differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar complex by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (Graduated- December 2014 Egerton University). Student Details: Wanjala Bramwel Waswa (Reg No: SM14/2546/09).
Study Title: Genetic Diversity of Napier Grass based on Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism. (Graduated- December 2013 Egerton University).

OTHER SOCIETIES

: Professional Affiliation
• Member: African Association of Insect Scientists
• Member: International Society of Mycotoxicology.
• Member: Biochemical Society of Kenya.
• Member: Kenya DAAD Scholars Association.

PROF. MESHACK AMOS OBONYO

Egerton University NewsLink Magazine & Journals

Egerton Portal

Egerton Portal

QuickLinks

Visitors